EAMCET Syllabus
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MICROBIOLOGY: 10.1) Introduction and importance of microbiology. 10.2) Bacteria – Discovery, Distribution, sizes, shapes, Gram stain (in brief), structure of cell, nutrition, reproduction –asexual (binary fission), sexual – conjugation (F + and F – only), transformation and transduction (only definition, discoverer and example for transformation and transduction), economic importance – beneficial (Agriculture, industry, Medicine, Biotechnology), harmful (spoilage of food, plants, human and animal diseases). 10.3) Viruses – Historical account, types, structure (TMV and T 4 details), general account of sizes, shapes, replication, plant diseases caused by viruses, transmission of viruses and control measures of viral diseases. XI. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY : 11.1) Introduction A. WATER RELATIONS OF PLANTS: 11.2) Absorption of water – Introduction, soil water, water potential, diffusion, Imbibition, osmosis, plasmolysis, absorption of water. 11.3) Ascent of Sap : Definition, Cohesion – Tension theory. 11.4) Transpiration : Definition and types of transpiration, mechanism of stomatal movement, factors, significance, anti- transpirants. B. NUTRITION IN PLANTS 11.5) Introduction, types of nutrition (symbiosis, parasitism, chemotrophism, autotrophism). 11.6) Mineral nutrition – Introduction, soil as source, criteria of essentiality, importance of macro and micro elements, ion absorption – passive and active (carrier concept), biofertilizers. C. METABOLISM : 11.7) Enzymes – introduction, properties, IUB classification, mechanism of enzyme action (lock & key theory), enzyme inhibition. 11.8) Photosynthesis – Definition, pigments, structural organization of chloroplast: light reaction – Hill’s reaction, Emerson enhancement effect, PSI and PSII, electron transport and proton translocation, photophosphorylation: C 3 , C 4 pathways, Factors, photorespiration Blackman’s law. 11.9) Respiration – definition, Types, Mechanism of aerobic (Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvic acid & electron transport system – oxidative phosphorylation) and anaerobic respiration, Respiratory quotient (RQ). 11.10) Nitrogen metabolism: Nitrogen cycle, Biological nitrogen fixation (symbiotic, non – symbiotic), Genetic code, Protein synthesis. 11.11) Plant growth & its regulators: Growth curve; introduction to growth regulators: physiological effects of auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, abscisic acid and ethylene and their applications in agriculture and horticulture: Photoperiodism and Vernalization.
PLANTS AND HUMAN WELFARE: 12.1) Crop improvement – Introduction, aim and objectives of plant breeding; methods – definition, methodology, advantages and achievements of introduction, selection (Mass, pure-line, clonal), hybridization (Heterosis- only concept); mutation breeding and polyploidy breeding. Biotechnology: 2.2) Introduction, definition, scope and applications of Biotechnology. 12.3) Genetic Engineering – Recombinant DNA Technology, gene cloning; transgenic plants; GM crops, biosafety issues, applications of Genetic Engineering. 12.4) Tissue Culture – Techniques and applications. 12.5) Single cell protein – Advantages and source of single cell protein. 12.6) Mushroom Cultivation : Morphology and types of mushrooms; food value, cultivation of white button mushroom.
ZOOLOGY
Unit – I Zoology – The Basics a) Nature and scope of Zoology: meaning of Zoology, areas of study under Zoology. b) Relation between Zoology and other sciences c) Basic principles of classification: i) Need for classification. ii) Nomenclature. iii) Levels of classification. iv) Concept of species Unit – II: LOCOMOTION AND REPRODUCTION IN PROTOZOA a) Types and structure of locomotory organelles – Pseudopodia, Cilia and Flagella giving examples. b) Amoeboid movement (Pseudopodial movement – sol-gel theory only) c) Ciliary and Flagellar movements – Synchronal and Metachronal movements (example: Paramoecium), Effective stroke and Recovery stroke (example: Euglena) d) Types of Reproduction: i) Asexual reproduction and methods – Binary fission (transverse and longitudinal in Paramoecium and Euglena respectively). ii) Sexual reproduction – conjugation as exemplified by Vorticella and its significance.
III Animal Organisation a) Multicellularity: Diploblastic and Triploblastic condition. b) Symmetry – Types and characteristic features of each symmetry, giving an example for each type from the representative phyla – Asymmetry, Radial symmetry, Biradial symmetry and Bilateral symmetry. c) Coelom: i) Definition of Acoelom, Pseudo-coelom and Eucoelom – examples from the representative phyla. ii) Formation of Eucoelom -Schizocoelic and Enterocoelic coelom d) Animal Tissues: (brief account only) i) Epithelial tissue – types. ii) Connective tissue- connective tissue proper, skeletal tissue – types, Fluid tissue – Blood, Lymph. iii) Muscular Tissue types. iv) Nervous Tissue
