EAMCET Syllabus
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BOTANY
BOTANY INTRODUCTION: 1.1) Origin, development and scope of Botany. 1.2) Classification of plant kingdom (outlines only). 1.3) Branches of Botany: Morphology, Cytology, Embryology, Palynology, Taxonomy, Physiology, Ecology, Palaeobotany, Genetics, Phytogeography, Phycology, Mycology, Lichenology, Bryology, Pteridology, Microbiology, Bacteriology, Virology. 1.4) Parts of angiospermic plant
EXTERNAL MORPHOLOGY: a) Vegetative morphology: 2.1) Root: root systems, types, characteristics and functions, Modifications of roots (Storage roots, Velamen roots, Photosynthetic roots, Respiratory roots, Nodular roots and Parasitic roots ). 2.2) Stem: characteristics and functions of the stem; Modifications of stems: Aerial: Tendrils, Thorns, Hooks, Phylloclade, Tuberous stems and Bulbils. Sub-Aerial: Runners, Stolons, Suckers & Offsets, Underground: Rhizome, Corm, Stem tuber & Bulb. 2.3) Leaf: Parts of Leaf, venation, types of leaves, Phyllotaxy, Leaf modifications: -Tendrils, Spines, Scale leaves, Phyllode, Reproductive & Trap leaves (Details of Nepenthes only). b) Reproductive Morphology: 2.4) Inflorescence: Types of Inflorescence: a) Terminal, axillary and intercalary, b) Racemose, Cymose and Special Types. 2.5) Flower: Parts of flower, Structure of flower, Sex distribution, Symmetry of flower, Position of gynoecium on the thalamus. Detailed description of flower: Perianth, Calyx, Corolla, aestivation, Androecium – Parts, fixation, lengths of stamens, union of stamens, dehiscence of anther, Gynoecium – number of carpels, fusion of carpels, ovary – number of locules , placentation, Types of styles, Stigma.
REPRODUCTION IN ANGIOSPERMS: 3.1) Introduction – Sporophytic and Gametophytic stages. 3.2) Structure of Anther; Microsporogenesis and development of male gametophyte. 3.3) Ovule – Structure and Types; megasporogenesis – development and structure of embryo sac. 3.4) Pollination: Types of pollination – self and cross pollination, advantages of cross pollination, contrivances for cross pollination and self pollination, agents of cross pollination. 3.5) Fertilization – Process, Post – fertilization changes; Seed structure (Dicot & Monocot) and types of seed germination (epigeal, hypogeal & vivipary). 3.6) Fruits: Classification; false fruits and true fruits – Simple fruits (fleshy fruits – berry, pome, pepo, hesperidium, drupe; Dry fruits – dehiscent- legume, septicidal capsule, loculicidal capsule, septifragal capsule, Indehiscent fruits – caryopsis, cypsela, nut: schizocarpic – lomentum, schizocarp), Aggregate and Multiple fruits
PLANT TAXONOMY: 4.1) Introduction – alpha and omega taxonomy; Aspects of taxonomy – Identification – Flora, herbaria, botanical gardens (RBG – Kew, IBG – Kolkata, NBG – Lucknow), Nomenclature, ICBN, Classification – Types, Units and Brief account of Bentham & Hooker’s system Study of the following families including economic importance: 4.2) Malvaceae. 4.3) Fabaceae 4.4) Solanaceae 4.5) Liliaceae
CELL BIOLOGY: 5.1) Introduction, Techniques of Cell Biology – microscopy (light, electron, fluorescent, phase contrast, SEM, TEM – only uses). 5.2) Ultrastructure of plant cell (Eukaryotic cell – Structure of cell wall and cell membrane, Protoplasm, Cytoplasm, Plastids, Mitochondria, Endoplasmic reticulum, Ribosomes, Golgi complex, Lysosomes, Peroxisomes and Glyoxysomes, Vacuoles and Nucleus). 5.3) Chromosomes. 5.4) Nucleic acids. 5.5)Cell Cycle: Mitosis and Meiosis.
NTERNAL ORGANIZATION OF PLANTS: Tissues – Structure, types (Meristematic and Permanent ) and functions. 6.2) Internal structure of Dicot root (Primary) and Monocot root. 6.3) Internal structure of Dicot stem (Primary) and Monocot stem. 6.4) Internal structure of leaf (Dicot and Monocot). 6.5) Secondary growth in dicot stem.
PLANT ECOLOGY: Introduction. 7.2) Plant communities – Hydrophytes, Mesophytes and Xerophytes; Ecological adaptations (Morphological & Anatomical) of Hydrophytes and Xerophytes.
GENETICS: 8.1) Introduction. 8.2) Mendel’s Principles – Monohybrid cross, Dihybrid cross, Back cross, Test cross, Concept of probability in relation to Mendel’s laws. 8.3) Linkage and crossing over (only concept and significance). 8.4) Mutations – Types of Mutations and significance.
PLANT KINGDOM : 9.1) Introduction. 9.2) Spirogyra – Distribution and habitat, thallus structure, cell structure, reproduction – vegetative, asexual, sexual, life cycle. 9.3) Rhizopus – Distribution and habitat, structure of mycelium and hypha, reproduction – vegetative, asexual, sexual, life cycle, sexuality in Rhizopus. 9.4) Funaria: Distribution and habitat, external morphology of the gametophore, anatomy of the stem, reproduction – vegetative and sexual, sporophyte, protonema, life cycle. 9.5) Pteris: Distribution and habitat, external morphology of the sporophyte, anatomy of the rhizome(stem), vegetative, asexual and sexual reproduction, life cycle. 9.6) Cycas: Distribution and habitat, Morphology of the sporophyte, anatomy of the coralloid root and leaflet, Reproduction, life cycle.
